תשליך
מי אל כמוך
H'shem's supernatural patience that even though he gives us life we sometimes use it against him, and he still tolerates it
נושא עוון
H'shem tolerates and feeds the monster we create
ועובר על פשע
H'shem cleans up the mess himself
לשארית נחלתו
He feels like he is a relative to us
לא החזיק לעד אפו
That even if technically H'shem should continue to be angry, he stops the anger
כי חפץ חסד הוא
The chesed that we do looms very large
ישוב ירחמנו
When we sin he brings us back closer than had we never sinned in the first place
יִכְבֹּשׁ עֲוֹנוֹתֵינוּ
H'shem takes our aveiros and squashes them and the mitzvot shoot up to the heavens
וְתַשְׁלִיךְ בִּמְצוּלוֹת יָם כָּל חַטֹּאתָם
When we do Teshuvah, the evil that was supposed to come to us it boomerangs back
(translation by Rabbi Daniel Glatstein)
The 13 Middot Harachamim
אֵל מֶלֶךְ יוֹשֵׁב עַל כִּסֵּא רַחֲמִים, מִתְנַהֵג בַּחֲסִידוּת, מוֹחֵל עֲוֹנוֹת עַמּוֹ, מַעֲבִיר רִאשׁוֹן רִאשׁוֹן, מַרְבֶּה מְחִילָה לְחַטָּאִים וּסְלִיחָה לַפּוֹשְׁעִים עוֹשֵׂה צְדָקוֹת עִם כָּל בָּשָׂר וָרוּחַ, לֹא כְרָעָתָם תִּגְמוֹל. אֵל הוֹרֵיתָ לָּנוּ לוֹמַר שְׁלשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה, וּזְכָר לָנוּ הַיּוֹם בְּרִית שְׁלשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה, כְּמוֹ שֶׁהוֹדַעְתָּ לֶעָנָו מִקֶּדֶם, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב: וַיֵּרֶד ה’ בֶּעָנָן וַיִּתְיַצֵּב עִמּוֹ שָׁם וַיִּקְרָא בְשֵׁם ה’׃
GD, King who sits upon a throne of mercy, who conducts Himself with loving-kindness. He forgives the sins of His people, removing them one by one. He abundantly pardons sinners and forgives those who rebel. He acts righteously with all flesh and spirit, not repaying them according to their wickedness.
GD, You taught us to recite the Thirteen Attributes, and remember for us today the covenant of the Thirteen Attributes, just as You revealed them to the humble one long ago, as it is written:
And the Lord descended in a cloud and stood with him there, and he called out in the name of the Lord.
"H'shem" -
The letters י-ה-ו-ה form the name that represents compassion and the prime cause of all that is present in creation. This name expresses Hashem's willingness to forgive. The double mention of this name represents that "I am Hashem before a person sins and I am He after a person sins" (Rosh Hashanah 17b).
"H'shem"
This represents the mercy H’shem shows through Teshuvah after a person sins—the miracle of erasing sins as though they never occurred. Rav Hunter describes this as a second form of creation, bringing something from nothing.
"Kel"
According to the Vilna Gaon, this refers to H’shem's attribute of controlling His anger to show compassion.
Rachum (Compassionate)
Seforno interprets this attribute as compassion, wherein H’shem lightens the punishment of the guilty when they call out to Him.
Chanun (Gracious)
According to Seforno, this attribute of graciousness is demonstrated when H’shem bestows goodness upon those who ask, even when they are undeserving.
Erech Apayim (Slow to Anger)
Sforno explains this attribute as H’shem's patience with both the righteous and the wicked. H’shem waits patiently for them to return to the right path before responding.
Rav Chesed (Abundant in Kindness)
Rashi interprets this attribute as H’shem providing undeserved kindness to those who lack their own merits for leniency.
Emet (Truth)
Rashi explains this attribute as Hashem rewarding those who serve Him faithfully.
Notzer Chesed L'Alafim (Preserving Kindness for Thousands)
According to Sforno, Hashem preserves the merit of one generation to benefit future generations (Zechut Avot).
Noseh Avon (Forgiving Iniquity)
H’shem removes and forgives intentional sins.
V'Pesha (And Transgression)
H’shem forgives even sins committed in rebellion against Him.
V'Chata (And Sin)
Masechet Yoma explains this attribute as Moshe asking H’shem to view the Jewish nation's sins as inadvertent rather than intentional.
V'Nakeh (And Cleanse)
The Maharal describes this as the most powerful attribute—H’shem "cleanses the sinner from sin" so thoroughly that no remnant remains.
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